immunoglobulin therapy (n=17) vs. standard of care (n=17)
randomized controlled trial
IV immunoglobulin plus methylprednisolone
Standard of care plus IV immunoglobulin 0.5 g/kg/d with methylprednisolone 40 mg 30 minutes before infusion for 3 days.
Standard of care
All patients received standard of care.
COVID 19 hospitalized
Adult patients greater than 18 years of age hospitalized with COVID-19 infection confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome in nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab sample with moderate-to-severe hypoxia (sPo2 ≤ 96% on ≥ 4 L O2 by nasal cannula) but not on mechanical ventilation.
Open-label.
Multicenter, 2 hospitals in California, United States.
Tabarsi, 2020 IRCT20151227025726N2
immunoglobulin therapy (n=52) vs. standard of care (n=32)
randomized controlled trial
Intravenous immunoglobulin
400 mg/kg, IV, daily for 3 days, plus standard of care. All patients in the IVIg group were premedicated with 500 mg Acetaminophen, 100 mg Hydrocortisone, and 25 mg Diphenhydramine 30 min before the injection.
Standard of care.
Hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily plus Lopinavir/Ritonavir 200-50 mg 2 Tab twice daily for 7 days.
Patients in both groups received oxygen and fluid support, lopinavir/ritonavir 200/50 mg, two tablets twice a day, and hydroxychloroquine 200 mg two times daily.
COVID-19 severe or critically
Patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR test, who are severely ill, and are between 18 to 65 years old. Patients with oxygen saturation <90% (at rest with nasal cannula 3-4 L/min and FIO2<30-40 L/min) with bilateral pulmonary infiltration. Severe pneumonia cases were determined based on World Health Organization (WHO) case definitions for COVID-19 consisting of the following: respiratory rates: ≥30 breaths/min, SpO2 ≤93%, and PaO2/ FiO2 ≤300 mmHg.
Open-label.
Single center, Dr. Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
Raman, 2021 CTRI/2020/06/026222
immunoglobulin therapy (n=50) vs. standard of care (n=50)
randomized controlled trial
Intravenous immunoglobulin
Daily IVIg 0.4 g/kg body weight for 5 days, plus standard of care.
Standard of care
Standard of care consisted of Azithromycin; Lopinavir/ritonavir; Piperacillin plus Tazobactam; Acetaminophen and Pantocid.
All patients received standard of care.
COVID-19 severe or critically
Male or female aged ≥18 years with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 illness; Patients with moderate pneumonia were defined as: body temperature ≥38.0℃ or PaO2/ FiO2 100-300 mmHg or respiratory rate >24/min and oxygen saturation 90-93% on room air or lung involvement confirmed with chest X-ray.
