Meta-analysis results for all treatments

Treatment relative effect with 95% CI; and degree of certainty (adaptated from GRADE). method

Treament Trials      
clinical deteriorationclinical improvementdeathsviral clearance
chloroquine and derivatives45 1.04 [0.80; 1.35], 6 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
1.07 [0.83; 1.39], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
1.07 [0.97; 1.18], 30 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
0.97 [0.73; 1.29], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
ivermectin21 0.66 [0.32; 1.34], 4 RCTs, I2=69%
inconclusive result
1.67 [1.05; 2.66], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
moderate degree of certainty
0.66 [0.44; 1.00], 10 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
0.93 [0.78; 1.10], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
favipiravir 19- 1.65 [1.28; 2.13], 5 RCTs, I2=0%
moderate degree of certainty
1.13 [0.76; 1.70], 7 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
1.45 [0.98; 2.13], 8 RCTs, I2=64%
inconclusive result
remdesivir10 0.95 [0.55; 1.64], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
1.17 [0.92; 1.49], 5 RCTs, I2=71% demonstrated
inconclusive result
0.83 [0.67; 1.03], 7 RCTs, I2=15%
inconclusive result
-
hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides9 0.99 [0.57; 1.72], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
0.81 [0.54; 1.22], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
0.63 [0.20; 2.03], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
-
azithromycin8 1.07 [0.63; 1.82], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
0.76 [0.56; 1.04], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
0.99 [0.79; 1.26], 5 RCTs, I2=28%
inconclusive result
OBS 715.00 [12.94; 39513.71], 1 study, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty
lopinavir/ritonavir8 3.69 [0.37; 36.57], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
1.72 [0.98; 3.01], 3 RCTs, I2=64%
inconclusive result
0.99 [0.89; 1.09], 8 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
1.95 [0.73; 5.23], 3 RCTs, I2=72% demonstrated
inconclusive result
sofosbuvir and daclatasvir5-- 1.11 [0.87; 1.40], 4 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
-
umifenovir (arbidol)5 0.86 [0.06; 11.36], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
- 1.00 [0.18; 5.59], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
2.80 [0.31; 25.53], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
bromhexine3 0.48 [0.01; 27.44], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
- 0.09 [0.00; 1.68], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
-
nitazoxanide3 1.02 [0.29; 3.58], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
0.81 [0.52; 1.27], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
1.02 [0.02; 51.70], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
-
doxycycline2 0.44 [0.24; 0.78], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
moderate degree of certainty
1.89 [1.06; 3.38], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty
0.39 [0.11; 1.42], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result
-
sofosbuvir2----
sofosbuvir and ledipasvir2----
azvudine1-- 1.00 [0.02; 55.80], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
28.50 [1.27; 640.66], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty
baloxavir marboxil1-- 1.00 [0.02; 55.80], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
-
darunavir cobicistat1 2.07 [0.06; 66.79], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
- 1.00 [0.02; 53.89], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
0.82 [0.36; 1.87], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
Emtricitabine/tenofovir plus colchicine plus rosuvastatin1-- 0.62 [0.33; 1.17], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
-
Ensitrelvir (XOCOVA)1----
favipiravir plus interferon1-- 0.83 [0.23; 2.96], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
-
Lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine1- 0.63 [0.37; 1.06], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
0.58 [0.36; 0.93], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty
-
lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon ß-1a1----
lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b1- 3.92 [1.66; 9.24], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty
0.47 [0.01; 24.30], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
4.37 [1.86; 10.25], 1 RCT, I2=0% demonstrated
unassessable degree of certainty
niclosamide1-- 1.00 [0.20; 5.12], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
-
nirmatrelvir / ritonavir (Paxlovid)1----
oseltamivir1----
tenofovir/emtricitabine1----
zinc1-- 0.77 [0.11; 5.34], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result
-
Amantadine0----
ASC09/ritonavir0----
carrimycin0----
danoprevir / ritonavir0----
fluvoxamine0----
Interferon plus lopinavir/ritonavir0----
leronlimab0----
lopinavir / ritonavir plus ribavirin0----
lopinavir/ritonavir plus chloroquine0----
molnupiravir0----
opaganib0----
oseltamivir plus chloroquin0----
ribavirin0----
ritonavir0----
tenofovir/emtricitabine plus hydroxychloroquine0----
tranexamic acid0----
tranilast0----
triazavirin0----