Study explorer (study characteristics and results) method abbreviations pdf   xlsx

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Study Ref. Design studied treatmentcontrol treatmentpatientsstudy risk of biassample sizes Results

COVID 19 hospitalized meta-analysis

Abdulamir
 
NCT04753619
RCTniclosamidestandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
75/75 inconclusive
    Ader (lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon)
     
    NCT04315948
    RCTlopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon ß-1astandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
    145/148 safety concern
    • statistically significant 30 % decrease in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
    • statistically significant 86 % increase in serious adverse events with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
    • statistically significant 3.4-fold increase in arrhythmia with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
    • statistically significant 5.6-fold increase in elevated liver enzymes with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
    DisCoVeRy (remdesivir)
     
    NCT04315948
    RCTremdesivirstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
    429/428 no results
      Gaitan-Duarte (Rosuvastatin plus colchicine plus emtricitabine/tenofovir)
       
      NCT04359095
      RCTEmtricitabine/tenofovir plus colchicine plus rosuvastatinstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
      163/162 suggested
      • inconclusive 38 % decrease in deaths,death D28 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
      • suggested 30 % decrease in mechanical ventilation with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
      Mahajan RCTremdesivirstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
      41/41 inconclusive
        Mobarak S (DISCOVER)
         
        IRCT20200624047908N
        RCTsofosbuvir and daclatasvirplaceboCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
        541/542 inconclusive
        • inconclusive 3 % decrease in recovery (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
        Gonzalez (IVER)
         
        NCT04391127
        RCTivermectinplaceboCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
        36/37 inconclusive
          Lou Y
           
          ChiCTR2000029544
          RCTbaloxavir marboxilstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
          10/10 inconclusive
          • inconclusive 88 % decrease in viral clearance by day 14 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
          NIH NIAID ACTT-1
           
          NCT04280705
          RCTremdesivirplaceboCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
          541/521 suggested
          • suggested 45 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
          • suggested 29 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
          • suggested 35 % increase in clinical improvement (28-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
          Nojomi
           
          IRCT20180725040596N2
          RCTumifenovir (arbidol)lopinavir/ritonavirCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
          50/50 inconclusive
            Nojomi
             
            IRCT20180725040596N2
            RCTlopinavir/ritonavirumifenovir (arbidol)COVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
            50/50 inconclusive
              RECOVERY
               
              NCT04381936
              RCTlopinavir/ritonavirstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
              1616/3424 inconclusive
              • inconclusive 3 % increase in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
              the trial Steering Committee concluded that there is no beneficial effect of lopinavir-ritonavir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 and closed randomisation to that treatment arm
              RECOVERY (AZI, Horby)
               
              NCT04381936
              RCTazithromycinstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
              2582/5181 inconclusive
              • inconclusive 3 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only),death D28 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
              Sadeghi
               
              IRCT20200128046294N2
              RCTsofosbuvir and daclatasvirstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
              35/35 suggested
              • suggested 2.6-fold increase in clinical improvement (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
              Sekhavati
               
              IRCT20200415047092N1
              RCTazithromycinstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
              56/55 inconclusive
              • inconclusive 51 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
              SOLIDARITY (lopi/rito)
               
              NCT04315948
              RCTlopinavir/ritonavirstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
              1399/1372 inconclusive
              • inconclusive 0 % increase in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
              SOLIDARITY (remdesivir)
               
              NCT04315948
              RCTremdesivirstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
              2750/2725 inconclusive
              • inconclusive 5 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
              Yakoot
               
              DRKS00022203
              RCTsofosbuvir and daclatasvirstandard of careCOVID 19 hospitalizedsome concern
              44/45 suggested
              • suggested 60 % increase in recovery (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias

              COVID 19 all comers meta-analysis

              Norwegian NOR study (remdesivir)
               
              NCT04321616
              RCTremdesivirstandard of careCOVID 19 all comerssome concern
              43/58 no results
                Chang Chen et al.
                 
                ChiCTR2000030254
                RCTfavipiravir umifenovir (arbidol)COVID 19 all comerssome concern
                120/120 inconclusive
                • inconclusive 48 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (7-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                ELACOI (Standard of care)
                 
                NCT04252885
                RCTumifenovir (arbidol)standard of careCOVID 19 all comerssome concern
                16/7 inconclusive
                  Lou (FAVIPIRAVIR)
                   
                  ChiCTR2000029544
                  RCTfavipiravir standard of careCOVID 19 all comerssome concern
                  10/10 inconclusive
                  • inconclusive 82 % decrease in viral clearance ,viral clearance by day 14 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                  NCT04310228-FAVI (Zhao)
                   
                  ChiCTR2000030894
                  RCTfavipiravir tocilizumab COVID 19 all comerssome concern
                  -/- inconclusive
                  • inconclusive 68 % decrease in radiologic improvement (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias

                  COVID-19 mild to moderate meta-analysis

                  I-TECH (Lim)
                   
                  NCT04920942
                  RCTivermectincontrolCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                  241/249 inconclusive
                  • inconclusive 25 % increase in clinical deterioration (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                  FACCT Trial
                   
                  NCT04392973
                  RCTfavipiravir standard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                  125/129 inconclusive
                  • inconclusive 15 % decrease in clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                  Kirti
                   
                  CTRI/2020/08/027225
                  RCTivermectinplaceboCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                  57/58 inconclusive
                  • inconclusive 20 % decrease in viral clearance by day 7 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                  Rashad A (AZI vs SoC) RCTazithromycinstandard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                  107/99 inconclusive
                    Shinkai
                     
                    JapicCTI-205238
                    RCTfavipiravir placeboCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                    107/49 safety concern
                    • inconclusive 40 % increase in clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                    • statistically significant 18.5-fold increase in adverse events with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                    Solaymani-Dodaran
                     
                    IRCT20200318046812N1
                    RCTfavipiravir lopinavir/ritonavirCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                    193/187 inconclusive
                      AVIFAVIR
                       
                      NCT04434248
                      RCTfavipiravir standard of careCOVID 19 hospitalized, COVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                      20/20 suggested
                      • suggested 2.9-fold increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance by day 7 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                      Adverse drug reactions to AVIFAVIR were reported in 7/40 (17.5%) patients, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, chest pain and an increase in liver transaminase levels. The adverse drug reactions were mild to moderate and caused early discontinuation of the study drug in 2/40 (5.0%) patients.
                      Chaccour
                       
                      NCT04390022
                      RCTivermectinplaceboCOVID 19 outpatients, COVID-19 mild to moderatelow
                      12/12 inconclusive
                      • inconclusive 8 % decrease in viral clearance ,viral clearance by day 7 (PE) with a high degree of certainty due to low risk of bias
                      COALITION I Covid-19 Brazil (AZI, Cavalcanti)
                       
                      NCT04322123
                      RCTazithromycinstandard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                      172/159 inconclusive
                      • inconclusive 18 % decrease in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                      Dabbous HM
                       
                      NCT04349241
                      RCTfavipiravir standard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                      50/50 inconclusive
                        ELACOI (Lopinavir/ritonavir)
                         
                        NCT04252885
                        RCTumifenovir (arbidol)lopinavir/ritonavirCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                        35/34 inconclusive
                        • inconclusive 84 % increase in viral clearance by day 14 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                        • inconclusive 8 % increase in viral clearance by day 7 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                        ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir)
                         
                        NCT04252885
                        RCTlopinavir/ritonavirstandard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                        21/7 inconclusive
                          GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman)
                           
                          NCT04292899
                          RCTremdesivirremdesivirCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                          200/197 suggested
                          • suggested 53 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                          GS-US-540-5774, 10 days
                           
                          NCT04292730
                          RCTremdesivirstandard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                          197/200 safety concern
                          • suggested 58 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                          • suggested 88 % increase in clinical improvement (28-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                          • statistically significant 63 % increase in adverse events with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                          The primary endpoint was not met, no odds ratio is reported because the proportional odds assumption was not met
                          GS-US-540-5774, 5 days
                           
                          NCT04292730
                          RCTremdesivirstandard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                          199/200 conclusif
                          • demonstrated 65 % increase in clinical improvement (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                          Hung et al.
                           
                          NCT04276688
                          RCTlopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1blopinavir/ritonavirCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                          86/41 conclusif
                          • demonstrated 3.4-fold increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                          • suggested 2.9-fold increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                          Khamis RCTfavipiravir plus interferonstandard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                          44/45 inconclusive
                            Krolewiecki
                             
                            NCT004381884
                            RCTivermectinstandard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                            30/15 inconclusive
                              Li T
                               
                              NCT04273763
                              RCTbromhexinestandard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                              12/6 suggested
                              • inconclusive 52 % decrease in clinical deterioration (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                              • suggested 9.0-fold increase in hospital discharge with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                              NCT04542694
                               
                              NCT04542694
                              RCTfavipiravir standard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                              100/100 suggested
                              • suggested 1.1-fold increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (7-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                              • suggested 12.0-fold increase in viral clearance with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                              Ren
                               
                              ChiCTR2000029853
                              RCTazvudineantiviral and associated therapyCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                              10/10 suggested
                              • suggested 27.5-fold increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance by day 7 (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                              Ruzhentsova T
                               
                              NCT04501783
                              RCTfavipiravir standard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                              112/56 suggested
                              • suggested 63 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                              • inconclusive 28 % increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                              • suggested 28 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                              • suggested 50 % increase in clinical improvement (7-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                              Shahbaznejad
                               
                              IRCT20111224008507N3
                              RCTivermectinstandard of careCOVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                              35/38 inconclusive
                                Udwadia
                                 
                                CTRI/2020/05/025114
                                RCTfavipiravir standard of careCOVID 19 hospitalized, COVID-19 mild to moderatesome concern
                                75/75 safety concern
                                • inconclusive 37 % increase in viral clearance ,viral clearance (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                • suggested 75 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only),clinical improvement (28-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                • suggested 94 % decrease in mechanical ventilation (time to event analysis only),mechanical ventilation with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                • statistically significant 5.4-fold increase in adverse events with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias

                                COVID-19 severe or critically meta-analysis

                                Galan
                                 
                                RBR-8h7q82
                                RCTivermectinchloroquine and derivativesCOVID-19 severe or criticallysome concern
                                53/115 suggested
                                • inconclusive 6 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                • suggested 86 % decrease in mechanical ventilation with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                Galan
                                 
                                RBR-8h7q82
                                RCTivermectinhydroxychloroquineCOVID-19 severe or criticallysome concern
                                53/115 suggested
                                • inconclusive 6 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                • suggested 86 % decrease in mechanical ventilation with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                Cao
                                 
                                ChiCTR2000029308
                                RCTlopinavir/ritonavirstandard of careCOVID-19 severe or criticallysome concern
                                99/100 suggested
                                • inconclusive 31 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                • suggested 94 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                CAP-China (Wang et al.)
                                 
                                NCT04257656
                                RCTremdesivirplaceboCOVID-19 severe or criticallylow
                                158/79 inconclusive
                                • inconclusive 23 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a high degree of certainty due to low risk of bias
                                COALITION II Covid-19 Brazil (Furtado)
                                 
                                NCT04321278
                                RCTazithromycinstandard of careCOVID-19 severe or criticallysome concern
                                214/183 safety concern
                                • inconclusive 26 % decrease in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                • statistically significant 6 % decrease in clinical improvement (7-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir only)
                                 
                                NCT02735707
                                RCTlopinavir/ritonavirstandard of careCOVID-19 severe or criticallysome concern
                                268/377 safety concern
                                • statistically significant 17 % decrease in hospital discharge with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                REMAP-CAP (lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine)
                                 
                                NCT02735707
                                RCTLopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquinestandard of careCOVID-19 severe or criticallysome concern
                                29/377 safety concern
                                • suggested 42 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                • statistically significant 37 % decrease in hospital discharge with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
                                42 studies excluded by filtering options (21 RCT / 21 OBS)

                                PE: primary endpoint; (a): to be demonstrated a result must be statistically significant on a primary endpoint (with multiplicity adjustment if necessary);
                                Study risk of bias assessed for the study primary endpoint(s) or the main endpoints in case of no formally defined primary endpoint(s).