patient subgroup...
corticosteroids: no corticosteroids: yes critical disease severe disease
Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded)
Best available evidence (possibly low or very low)
All RCTs
All studies (RCT+OBS)
Immunosuppressants drugs - versus control - for COVID-19 severe or critically
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xlsx
method
abbreviations
Outcome
Relative effect 95%CI
LoD
Trt. better when
I2
k (RCT/OBS)
Bayesian probability
Overall ROB
Publication bias
Degree of certainty
Endpoint importance
Published MA
efficacy endpoints 00 death D28 0.84 [0.62, 1.14]< 1 22% 10 studies (10/-) 87.0 % some concern low moderate crucial - death or transfer to ICU 0.93 [0.87, 0.99]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 98.6 % NA not evaluable crucial - deaths 0.69 [0.59, 0.80]< 1 20% 26 studies (17/9) 100.0 % moderate low moderate crucial - deaths (time to event analysis only) 0.82 [0.64, 1.05]< 1 28% 6 studies (3/3) 94.5 % moderate not evaluable moderate crucial - clinical deterioration 0.56 [0.26, 1.20]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 93.1 % NA not evaluable important - clinical improvement 1.43 [1.13, 1.82]> 1 36% 7 studies (7/-) 99.8 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (14-day) 1.89 [1.30, 2.74]> 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 100.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (28-day) 1.33 [0.95, 1.87]> 1 0% 4 studies (4/-) 95.3 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) 1.09 [0.87, 1.35]> 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 76.9 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - death or ventilation 0.96 [0.65, 1.43]< 1 26% 3 studies (3/-) 57.8 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - hospital discharge 0.97 [0.79, 1.20]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 38.9 % NA not evaluable important - mechanical ventilation 0.62 [0.16, 2.31]< 1 51% 4 studies (4/-) 76.3 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - ICU admission 0.52 [0.16, 1.66]< 1 80% 3 studies (2/1) 86.6 % low not evaluable high non important - recovery 1.30 [0.64, 2.66]> 1 9% 2 studies (2/-) 76.5 % low not evaluable high non important - safety endpoints 00 related AE (TRAE) 1.26 [0.14, 11.07]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 41.9 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - serious adverse events 0.99 [0.77, 1.28]< 1 16% 6 studies (6/-) 52.7 % some concern serious moderate important - superinfection 3.27 [1.66, 6.43]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 0.0 % NA not evaluable important - acute kidney injury 0.43 [0.14, 1.34]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 92.7 % NA not evaluable non important - adverse events 1.14 [0.87, 1.50]< 1 22% 7 studies (7/-) 16.7 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - arrhythmia 0.16 [0.03, 0.90]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 98.1 % NA not evaluable non important - elevated liver enzymes 0.52 [0.18, 1.51]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 88.5 % NA not evaluable non important - Myocardial infarction 0.87 [0.19, 3.92]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 57.2 % NA not evaluable non important - venous thromboembolism 5.23 [0.42, 65.62]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 10.2 % NA not evaluable non important -
LoD: level of statistical demonstration: Statistically conclusive: statistically significant with a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error (statistically demonstrated), does not take into account the risk of bias;
suggested: nominally statistically significant but without a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error;
inconclusive: not nominally statistically significant;
safety concerns;
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies;
published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE.
Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.