patient subgroup...
Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded)
Best available evidence (possibly low or very low)
All RCTs
All studies (RCT+OBS)
hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides - versus potential COVID-19 treatments - for COVID 19 hospitalized
pdf
xlsx
method
abbreviations
Outcome
Relative effect 95%CI
LoD
Trt. better when
I2
k (RCT/OBS)
Bayesian probability
Overall ROB
Publication bias
Degree of certainty
Endpoint importance
Published MA
efficacy endpoints 00 death D28 1.40 [1.03, 1.90]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 1.6 % NA not evaluable crucial - death or transfer to ICU 0.45 [0.21, 0.97]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 98.0 % NA not evaluable crucial - deaths 0.84 [0.53, 1.33]< 1 88% 10 studies (3/7) 77.3 % serious low low crucial - deaths (time to event analysis only) 0.84 [0.37, 1.92]< 1 93% 5 studies (1/4) 66.2 % serious not evaluable low crucial - clinical deterioration 0.53 [0.17, 1.72]< 1 92% 2 studies (1/1) 85.4 % serious not evaluable low important - clinical improvement 0.81 [0.54, 1.22]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 15.5 % NA not evaluable important - clinical improvement (14-day) 1.01 [0.58, 1.76]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 51.4 % NA not evaluable important - hospitalization 0.38 [0.27, 0.54]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 100.0 % NA not evaluable important - mechanical ventilation 1.20 [0.69, 2.08]< 1 42% 2 studies (1/1) 26.3 % serious not evaluable low important - mechanical ventilation (time to event analysis only) 0.43 [0.16, 1.14]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 95.5 % NA not evaluable important - ICU admission 1.24 [0.26, 5.80]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 39.3 % NA not evaluable non important - safety endpoints 00 cardiac arrest 2.13 [1.12, 4.05]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 1.1 % NA not evaluable important - serious adverse events 1.87 [0.36, 9.75]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 23.0 % NA not evaluable important - abnormal ECG findings 1.55 [0.89, 2.68]< 1 0% 1 study (-/1) 5.9 % NA not evaluable non important - acute kidney injury 1.18 [0.44, 3.18]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 37.2 % NA not evaluable non important - adverse events 2.22 [1.43, 3.44]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 0.0 % NA not evaluable non important - arrhythmia 2.21 [1.40, 3.49]< 1 0% 2 studies (1/1) 0.0 % serious not evaluable low non important - elevated liver enzymes 3.48 [1.40, 8.64]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 0.4 % NA not evaluable non important - long QT 9.79 [1.27, 75.50]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 1.5 % NA not evaluable non important - AE of interest endpoints 00 Thromboembolic events 0.89 [0.31, 2.55]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 58.6 % NA not evaluable non important -
LoD: level of statistical demonstration: Statistically conclusive: statistically significant with a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error (statistically demonstrated), does not take into account the risk of bias;
suggested: nominally statistically significant but without a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error;
inconclusive: not nominally statistically significant;
safety concerns;
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies;
published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE.
Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.