patient subgroup...
Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded)
Best available evidence (possibly low or very low)
All RCTs
All studies (RCT+OBS)
interferon - versus potential COVID-19 treatments - for COVID 19 hospitalized
pdf
xlsx
method
abbreviations
Outcome
Relative effect 95%CI
LoD
Trt. better when
I2
k (RCT/OBS)
Bayesian probability
Overall ROB
Publication bias
Degree of certainty
Endpoint importance
Published MA
efficacy endpoints 00 death D28 1.86 [0.62, 5.58]< 1 0% 3 studies (3/-) 13.3 % some concern not evaluable moderate crucial - deaths 1.10 [0.91, 1.33]< 1 1% 11 studies (11/-) 15.1 % some concern low moderate crucial - deaths (time to event analysis only) 1.74 [0.51, 5.93]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 18.9 % NA not evaluable crucial - clinical deterioration 0.50 [0.19, 1.33]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 91.7 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement 1.42 [1.00, 2.03]> 1 67% 6 studies (6/-) 97.5 % some concern serious moderate important - clinical improvement (14-day) 1.54 [0.69, 3.39]> 1 68% 4 studies (4/-) 85.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (28-day) 3.42 [1.70, 6.88]> 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 100.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (7-day) 1.90 [1.07, 3.35]> 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 98.6 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) 1.55 [1.07, 2.24]> 1 71% 6 studies (6/-) 99.0 % some concern serious moderate important - death or ventilation 0.83 [0.35, 1.93]< 1 46% 2 studies (2/-) 67.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - hospital discharge 1.97 [0.84, 4.60]> 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 94.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - hospitalization 1.00 [0.14, 7.34]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 50.0 % NA not evaluable important - mechanical ventilation 0.74 [0.34, 1.62]< 1 0% 4 studies (4/-) 77.6 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - viral clearance 1.98 [0.76, 5.13]> 1 79% 4 studies (4/-) 92.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - viral clearance (time to event analysis only) 1.17 [0.56, 2.48]> 1 84% 2 studies (2/-) 66.2 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - viral clearance by day 14 0.38 [0.00, 46.74]> 1 98% 3 studies (3/-) 35.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - viral clearance by day 7 2.52 [1.55, 4.09]> 1 0% 3 studies (3/-) 100.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - ICU admission 0.49 [0.24, 1.00]< 1 0% 3 studies (3/-) 97.4 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - recovery 2.19 [1.03, 4.67]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 97.9 % NA not evaluable non important - safety endpoints 00 serious adverse events 0.99 [0.17, 5.88]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 50.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - superinfection 0.18 [0.02, 1.59]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 93.8 % NA not evaluable important - adverse events 1.41 [0.74, 2.67]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 14.6 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important -
LoD: level of statistical demonstration: Statistically conclusive: statistically significant with a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error (statistically demonstrated), does not take into account the risk of bias;
suggested: nominally statistically significant but without a strict control of overall risk of type 1 error;
inconclusive: not nominally statistically significant;
safety concerns;
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies;
published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE.
Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.